Cook the pasta: Bring a large pot of salted water to a boil. Cook pasta according to package directions until al dente. Reserve 1 cup pasta water before draining. Set aside.
Season the chicken: Pat chicken pieces dry with paper towels. In a bowl, toss chicken with paprika, garlic powder, salt, and pepper until evenly coated.
Sear the chicken: Heat olive oil in a large skillet over medium-high heat. Add chicken in a single layer and cook undisturbed for 3 minutes. Flip and cook another 3-4 minutes until golden and cooked through.
Add garlic butter: Reduce heat to medium. Add butter and minced garlic to the skillet with the chicken. Stir to coat the chicken in garlic butter and cook 1 minute until fragrant. Transfer chicken to a plate.
Make the cream sauce: In the same skillet, melt 2 tablespoons butter over medium heat. Add minced garlic and sauté for 1 minute until fragrant.
Build the sauce: Pour in heavy cream and bring to a gentle simmer. Gradually stir in Parmesan cheese until melted and smooth. Add Italian seasoning, nutmeg (if using), salt, and pepper. Cook 2-3 minutes, stirring frequently, until slightly thickened.
Combine pasta and sauce: Add the cooked pasta to the skillet with the Parmesan sauce. Toss to coat evenly, adding reserved pasta water as needed to reach desired consistency. Stir in chopped parsley.
Serve: Divide the creamy pasta among serving plates. Top with garlic butter chicken bites. Garnish with extra Parmesan cheese and fresh parsley. Serve immediately.